What causes vaginal itching and discharge?

Vaginal itching and discharge can be caused by several conditions, including: 
 

1. Yeast Infections

• Symptoms: Thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge, itching, redness, and swelling around the vagina.

• Cause: Overgrowth of yeast (Candida), often due to hormonal changes, antibiotics, or a weakened immune system.

• Treatment: Antifungal creams, suppositories, or oral medications that can be considered with a doctor’s recommendation 
   

2. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

• Symptoms: Thin, grayish-white discharge with a fishy odour, especially after sex.

• Cause: Imbalance in the natural bacteria in the vagina.

• Treatment: Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor (usually metronidazole or clindamycin). 
   

3. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

• Symptoms: Discharge (yellow, green, or frothy), itching, pain, or discomfort during sex or urination.

• Common STIs: Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis.

• Treatment: Antibiotics or antiviral medications depending on the STI. 
   

4. Allergic Reactions or Irritation

• Symptoms: Itching, redness, and sometimes a clear or slightly cloudy discharge.

• Cause: Sensitivity to soaps, detergents, scented hygiene products, or latex condoms.

• Treatment: Selfcare remedies such as Avoiding irritating products, using hypoallergenic soaps, and wearing breathable cotton underwear will be uselful. However it is important to consult a health care profession to diagnose the condition for treatment. 
   

5. Vaginal Dryness (Atrophic Vaginitis)

• Symptoms: Itching, burning, or discomfort, especially during or after intercourse.

• Cause: Low estrogen levels due to menopause, breastfeeding, or other hormonal imbalances.

• Treatment: Vaginal moisturizers, lubricants, or estrogen creams prescribed by a doctor. 
   

6. Trichomoniasis

• Symptoms: Frothy, greenish-yellow discharge with a strong odor, itching, irritation, and sometimes pain during urination.

• Cause: Infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

• Treatment: Prescription medication (usually metronidazole). 
   

7. Poor Hygiene or Tight Clothing

• Symptoms: Itching and sometimes a mild discharge.

• Cause: Wearing tight clothing, particularly synthetic fabrics, or not drying the area well after bathing.

• Treatment: Practicing good hygiene (washing with mild soap and water), avoiding tight clothing, and wearing cotton underwear.

When should you see a doctor? 
 

If you experience any of the following symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention:

• Severe or persistent itching

• Unusual or foul-smelling discharge

• Pain during sex or urination

• Redness, swelling, or sores around the vagina

• Bleeding or spotting outside your normal menstrual period

• If you suspect an STI or have been exposed to one

Call FPA Sri Lanka to make an appointment – 077 9552979 
 

What can you do to relieve symptoms at home? 
 

• Avoid scratching: This can make irritation worse and lead to infection.

• Wear cotton underwear: This helps keep the area dry and reduces irritation.

• Use mild, unscented soap: Harsh soaps can irritate the sensitive vaginal area.

• Practice good hygiene: Clean the area gently and always wipe from front to back.

• Avoid douches: Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.