Globally, cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths in women. It occurs in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Various strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing cervical cancer. Sexual behaviour is the main factor associated with high rates of acquisition of HPV infection among sexually active women (Harper et al 2004; Munoz et al., 2003). Women with early cervical cancer and pre-cancer usually have symptoms. When diagnosed early, cervical cancer can be successfully treated and even cured. Both married and unmarried women who are sexually active are encouraged to get screened. In addition to having regular Pap tests performed for screening purposes, a woman should learn to recognize warning signs so that she can seek medical services as soon as possible. The symptoms include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding after vaginal sex, bleeding after menopause, bleeding and spotting between periods, or having (menstrual) periods that are longer or heavier than usual. Bleeding after douching may also occur.
• An unusual discharge from the vagina which may contain some blood and/or occur between your periods or after menopause.
• Pain during sex

• Pain in the pelvic region or low back or abdominal pain
• Itching or burning sensations in the vagina
• Unexplained fatigue
• Problems in urinating, frequent or urgent urination or blood in the urine
• Abdominal bloating
• Swelling of the legs

Cervical cancer is one of the most successfully treatable forms of cancer, as long as it is detected early and managed effectively. The key to the early detection of cervical cancer is for women to be familiar with their own body. If something unusual occurs, see a trusted and qualified medical professional who can provide individualized advice and guidance. The availability of a vaccine against HPV also provides much promise for prevention of cervical cancer. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that the HPV vaccine be given to girls and boys between ages 11 and 12. It can be given as early as age 9. It's ideal for girls and boys to receive the vaccine before they have sexual contact and are exposed to HPV . HPV vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. However, some adults aged 27 to 45 years can get the vaccine based on discussion with their clinician. According to WHO, if girls are able to get vaccinated against HPV, it will substantially reduce their risks of developing cervical cancer later in life. Thus, Sri Lanka has a school based immunization programme for girls aged 10-16 where the second dose is given six months after the first dose. Sri Lanka has one of the lowest incidence of cervical cancer in South-Asia; however since almost all cervical cancer cases (99%) are linked to infection with high-risk HPV, Sri Lanka must maintain their extensive vaccination programs and prioritise expanding the reach of screening programs. With a concerted effort, Sri Lanka can embrace the each for equal theme and help the world eliminate cervical cancer within the lifetime of today’s young girls. In conclusion, cervical cancer is detectable through a pap smear which is a preventative screening test for cervical cancer, it is preventable through the vaccine which protects against HPV and finally it is treatable when caught at an early stage, which can be done through annual exams. No woman should die from cervical cancer as we have the necessary tools to eliminate it. Don’t let cervical cancer stop you, get screened, get vaccinated! The RESPOND Project, supported by DFAT, is an endevour of FPA Sri Lanka with regards to sexual reproductive health and wellbeing of women, and runs clinics every Saturday at the Centre for Family Health of the FPA. Here you can get a pap smear test free of charge, along with many other services including sexual and reproductive health counselling. To make an appointment for a screening tests, call 0779552979.